What is Linux

Linux is an open-source Unix-like operating system-based family on the Linux kernel, and the OS kernel was first published on 17 September 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is one of the popular versions of UNIX operating System. It is open source as its source code is freely available. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work.

Components of Linux System

Kernel − The kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all major activities of this operating system. It consists of various modules and it interacts directly with the underlying hardware. The kernel provides the required abstraction to hide low-level hardware details to system or application programs.

System Library − System libraries are special functions or programs using which application programs or system utilities access Kernel's features. These libraries implement most of the functionalities of the operating system and do not requires the kernel module's code access rights.

System Utility − System Utility programs are responsible to do specialized, individual-level tasks.

Architecture of Linux

Application - Application is connected with the hardware and we perform our tasks on application.

Kernel - The Linux kernel is the main component of a Linux operating system (OS) and is the core interface between a computer’s hardware and its processes.Kernel is a heart of linux it actually talk with shell and perform the task according to the command we have written over the shell.

Note- Name of Linux kernel is also a LINUX

Shell- Shell is basically an interface by which we can connect with kernel and accomplish our tasks.It's a doorway by which we connect with kernel and execute a command which we have given over the shell.

File system hierarchy

What are Commands in Linux

A Linux command is a program or utility that runs on the command line. Commands are often entered using a command line interface (CLI), which allows the user to interact with the computer by typing in text-based commands rather than using a graphical user interface (GUI).
A command line is an interface that accepts lines of text and processes them into instructions for your computer. For example, when you close a window by clicking on the “X,” there's a command running behind that action.

What is the linux command to

1- Check your present working directory.

pwd stands for stands for Print Working Directory . This command help us to find out the present directly we are working on .The "pwd" command prints the full name/full path of current/working directory.

2-List all the files or directories including hidden files.

ls -a command is used to list all hidden files of present working directory.

In the above snap you can see while listing the directories by using ls have only somefiles but when we use ls -a command all the hidden files is there on the command prompt

3-Create a nested directory A/B/C/D/E

mkdir -p command used to create sub-directories of a directory.

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